Friday, October 2, 2009

Information Articles Technical Research Papers

Find any information/article and examine the state of computer science research and what are its variety of technical topics?

It is undeniably true that computer science or the field of computing technology has been rapidly growing in recent times. There are numerous development, inventions and discoveries that are introduced in the community today and I believe that this magnificent growth is the product of critical research from researchers in the said field. If we are to trace up history of computing science, development from abacus computers to digital frames are incredibly amazing! Who would expect that the technology would boom such as what we are enjoying right now. Can you Imagine computer science a decade after or even just a year from now as for the reality on how technology developed and even improved rapidly, hmm..?? (I wonder…). What is computer science by the way? It is defined that [1] computer science or computing science is the study and the science of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their implementation and application in computer systems.

Based on an article written by Wm. A. Wulf Ph.D, the president of the National Academy of Engineering (AT&T Professor of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia before the House Science Committee U.S. House of Representatives) entitled the state of computer science research in the US and the evolution of federal support for IT. On that article he exemplify[2] how important it is to support researches of computer science and it is very wrong to say that the estate where he belong would refer the funds being released to researches of computing science an expense but should or would rather be INVESTMENT. He added that computer science is an investment with an enormous multiplier because advances in computing and information technology have immediate, direct and tangible benefits on virtually all human activities. There is a contention concerning the issue "Investing" vs. "Expense”. He has pointed out that what the federal funding in basic computing research has contributed in the field of national security, prosperity and health is simply an "investment" and not an "expense". There is a distinction between the two; since "expense" sounds like valueless or basically it is just money spent on an activity while "investment means spending money "productively". These "investments" will reimburse themselves for the future generation. Computer Science research has brought vast contribution within the scope of physical sciences, engineering, commerce, cosmology and weather prediction. He has quoted that, "Basic research may not be the original source for all the benefits we enjoy from technology, but it is a vital and irreplaceable component of the rich system that produces them".

After reading the article of Mr. Wulf, where he greatly emphasized that supporting the researches on computer science must not be considered as an expense but rather be an investment, I felt so proud that I took this course Bachelor of Science in Computer Science because if we try to think of it, my contribution in the near future would somehow maybe help the development of this country and I myself will not be a liability for this country but rather be an asset (Patriotic statement). Now, going back to Mr. Wulf, I strongly agree with his statement, many of the highly industrialized and developed countries today (Japan, United States, and Singapore) had invested and focused on technology development. Well, of course, if one country aims for success and growth, one must have to released funds and take the risk to be able to gain something and it is proven true that investing on technological development is one of the key factors for economic growth and development. Honestly, Mr. Wulfs’ heart and dedication towards promoting undying support to computer science research is very admiring and inspiring. Philippines in particular, as what I have observed is not that supportive on computer science researches. It is very transparent that the government is not paying that much attention on improving and developing the quality of educating the students or orienting them with the newest technology, and encouraging them to do more research, knowing the fact that our country is competing globally. With regards to the researches, it is pretty obvious that there are lots of Filipino computer scientist which are magnificently very good but then are not being supported properly that is why they flew away and try to find that green pasture outside the country. Well, aside from the fact that lots of researches, inventions and developments with regards to technology are first released and broadcast by non-Filipino developers (sad to say). Sad Sad Sad


There are varieties of technical topics involve in computer science research, some of which are:

* Computer Security
Computer architecture
Operating systems
Programming languages
Compilers
Databases
Digital Libraries
Graphics and Visualization
Parallel and Distributed Computing


Source:
[1] http:// en. wikipedia. org/ wiki/ Computer_science
[2]http://www. Nationala cademies. org/ ocga/ testimony/ Computer Science_Research in the United States. asp
[3]http://www. cs. gsu. edu/ research/ areas.html

Published Scientific Papers

Japanese researchers downplay super CPU effort
By Vivian Yeo, ZDNet Asia
Tuesday, September 29, 2009 06:40 PM

Summary:
A group of Japanese researchers are collaborating on a software standard for multicore processors to be used in a range of technology products, including mobile phones and in-vehicle navigation systems. The effort could lead to the development of a super CPU, according to the researchers.

The alliance includes big names such as Fujitsu, Toshiba, Panasonic, Renesas Technology, NEC, Hitachi and Canon ( CAJ - news - people ). All have agreed to pool their resources together to create a new, standardized, power-saving central processing units (CPU) which could be used within the entire industry for a wide range of consumer electronics by the end of fiscal 2012, the evening edition of Nikkei Business News reported Thursday. According to the plan, each of the Japanese chip makers will produce their own CPU that is compatible with the energy-saving software invented by Kasahara.A group of engineers will then create a prototype that runs on solar cells that will use less than 70% of the power consumed by normal ones. The new CPU could still be able to function even when there are prolonged periods of power shortage during natural disaster, the Nikkei added.

The super Japanese CPU could be incorporated into different brands of televisions, digital cameras, and other electronic appliances.

Evaluation:
If realized and will be adopted in a broad range of consumer electronics, the dominance of Intel today will be challenge. Having a universal standard and software format that could be used in various appliances may help save companies in research and development costs. The project appears to be aiming to create processers that can draw all the power they need from solar panels and can be used to power a new range of mobile devices that never need a main connection.

Source: http://www.zdnetasia.com/news/hardware/0,39042972,62058168,00.htm


New Information System for Blind and Visually Impaired
Computer Scientists at Freie Universität Berlin Start Field Trials
No. 241 issued on 09/16/2009

Summary:
The artificial intelligence group at Freie Universität Berlin, under the direction of the computer science professor Raúl Rojas, has developed a new type of information system for blind and visually impaired individuals. Field trials are being carried out to optimize the device for future users. During the next six months it will be tested by 25 persons. The artificial intelligence group at Freie Universität is collaborating with a research group at the Telekom Laboratories headed by Dr. Pablo Vidales and the Berlin Association for the Education of the Blind and Visually Impaired e.V. The joint project is called InformA. After completion of the field trials, it will receive funding from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research through its EXIST seed funding program for university-based business start-ups. In addition, IBM Germany is providing funding for further development of the device at Freie Universität.

Evaluation:
If this project will be pursue, the information that will be provided by InformA device can also be the interest of people who doesn’t have previous experience with computers which may not have had a chance to access the information offered in the internet today.
Source: http://www.rehacare.de/cipp/md_rehacare/custom/pub/content,lang,2/oid,22988/ticket,g_u_e_s_t/~/New_Information_System_for_Blind_and_Visually_Impaired_People.html

Continuing Education and Knowledge Retention: A Comparison of Online and Face-to-Face Deliveries
by Connie Schardt and Julie Garrison
Abstract:
A systematic search of the research literature from 1996 through July 2008 identified more than a thousand empirical studies of online learning. Analysts screened these studies to find those that (a) contrasted an online to a face-to-face condition, (b) measured student learning outcomes, (c) used a rigorous research design, and (d) provided adequate information to calculate an effect size. As a result of this screening, 51 independent effects were identified that could be subjected to meta-analysis. The meta-analysis found that, on average, students in online learning conditions performed better than those receiving face-to-face instruction. The difference between student outcomes for online and face-to-face classes—measured as the difference between treatment and control means, divided by the pooled standard deviation—was larger in those studies contrasting conditions that blended elements of online and face-to-face instruction with conditions taught entirely face-to-face. Analysts noted that these blended conditions often included additional learning time and instructional elements not received by students in control conditions. This finding suggests that the positive effects associated with blended learning should not be attributed to the media, per se. An unexpected finding was the small number of rigorous published studies contrasting online and face-to-face learning conditions for K–12 students. In light of this small corpus, caution is required in generalizing to the K–12 population because the results are derived for the most part from studies in other settings (e.g., medical training, higher education).

Evaluation:
This doesn’t mean that we will be saying goodbye to classrooms but research and reports suggest that online education could expand sharply over the next few years. The real promise of online education as experts say is providing learning experiences that are more tailored to individual students than is possible in classrooms. In this way students may find it more engaging since they are enabled to learn by doing.
Source: http://www.eblip4.unc.edu/papers/Schardt.pdf
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Thursday, October 1, 2009

Method and Methodology

I would like to base my own understanding on what is the difference between method and methodology on the following definition:

According to wikipedia:
Method
1. In scientific method it is a series of steps takes to acquire knowledge
2. Methods in computing science is a piece of code associated with a class or object to perform a task

Methodology
Methodology refers to more than a simple set of methods; rather it refers to the rationale and the philosophical assumptions that underlie a particular study.


So, as far as I have understood this definition, I could say that methodology pictures a much bigger scenario compared to methods. When we say method is like the process or the step-by-step procedure on how you are going to execute something. Like in gathering data, there are number of methods or instruments (maybe) that one can use, interview, questionnaire, and others so these are methods but when we say methodology it is the study of all the methods. So, in research, data gathering in particular methodology part plays an important role since on this area the researcher evaluates or tries to study which of the method/s mentioned is appropriate or worth to be applied on the study.

Research Evaluation

How do you know if a piece of research work is good or not? how are they evaluated?

In my own point of view, a research work is considered good if it tries to answer or solve a problem; otherwise it is useless. Though many are trying to do some researches or research works out of curiosity and are trying to prove something new or contradict the old ways or beliefs, which I think also are not bad, but I consider it as a not so good research work. I do believe that the main purpose of research is that, one must try to solve something and one must have to discover a solution to a problem. So, I must say that a good research work possesses a good research problem and well defined objectives. I certainly believe that, before delving into the research paper which I consider as a documentation of the research work, one must have to prioritize first the very core of the study before taking any glance on the correct formatting of the research paper. Now, If one’s topic is worth contributing to the community or has a big contribution for the development of the public, then this is now the time that we must have to consider the way the researcher or proponent had presented his/her research paper. How he or she performed the study. Also, a thorough review on the content of the paper must have to be done, a thorough examination on how he/she tried to convince the society that his/her proposal is worthy of the attention of the reviewing public. Of course, every section of the paper must have to be well constructed like the statement of the problem, the review of related literature, the purpose of the study and the methodology.

They say “You can design the greatest experiment on earth but if you cannot write a good report then nobody will take your results seriously” which I strongly believe. A good report of the results is a big factor in order for one research to be recognized. According to my searches, this is from Experiments-resources.com, there are several sections that must have to be met or a research paper must contain, these are: TITLE, INTRODUCTION, METHOD, RESULTS, DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION, REFERENCES.

The title must not be too long but must describe exactly what your experiment is about. For example, “Mold Growth” tells us nothing whereas “The Effect Of Temperature On Mold Growth” let everybody know what the experiment is about.

In the introduction section it is important to give the reasons why one picked the experiment and show the background research one did for it. Also, one must have to assume that somebody reading your experiment may know nothing about the subject so you must give them a quick summary. You could let them know a little about ‘The Life Cycle of Mold’ or ‘The History of Pendulums’. There is one problem; how do you keep your introduction short while trying to teach somebody about your subject? This is where you use references, sometimes called citations. For every piece of information included, you should let the reader know where it came from. Whether from books, magazines, the internet or your teacher, if you include your references, somebody interested in your subject can easily read them and find out more. Finally, you should include your hypothesis statement. This is what you are trying to prove or disprove. For example ‘Mold grows quicker at higher temperatures’ or ‘Expensive brands of paper towel absorb more water than cheaper ones’ are testable hypotheses.

Next is the methodology section, here you must describe exactly the equipment and methods you used. What you must remember is that somebody might want to test your results so you must make sure that they are able to perform exactly the same experiment with exactly the same equipment. It is a good idea to include a list of all the equipment you used and step by step instructions on what you did.

Next is the results section, here you describe what you found. In this section, you should not discuss what your results mean; only what you found. You must try to be exact and give numbers instead of just observations. Use graphs and tables as they are easier for people to understand easily. Be careful not to put in lots of graphs just for the sake of it. Every graph and table should be clear and referred to in the text and then the discussion section, this is where you interpret your results and try to explain what they mean. This is called significance. You should point out whether your hypothesis is proved, disproved or inconclusive, if you are not sure one way or the other. If your hypothesis is proved, great, but the world of science does not stay still. Here you should speculate where science goes next or what experiments you could do next. For example, in the case of the mold bread experiment, after testing the effect of temperature, you could check whether the amount of light has an effect on the rate of growth. If your hypothesis was wrong or unproven, this is not a problem. There is no right and wrong in science, only answers. Even if your hypothesis was wrong, the world of science has still learned something. In the discussion you must describe why the experiment did not give the results you expected. Maybe your initial hypothesis was wrong, but maybe there were some flaws in your experimental design or method. You should describe why it might be wrong or what changes you would make if you were to repeat the experiment again. Be honest. Nobody is going to punish you for having these problems, only for not understanding why. Even great scientists like Charles Darwin and Stephen Hawking have had flaws in their theories so you are in good company if your experiment did not work out exactly how you planned!

Finally, the conclusion, it says that it is always a good idea to write a short summary at the end of the report to make everything a little clearer to the reader.

In the bibliography section, it says that it is a good practice to list the books, magazines and websites from where you found out your background research when writing a research paper. This makes sure that somebody who is interested in your subject can find out a little more. For a book, you should include the name of the author, the title, the date it was written and the page numbers of where you found the information. For magazines you should include the name of the author, the title of the magazine, the issue number and/or date, and the name of the article. For a website you should put the exact website address and the date you looked at it. Not every science report or article insists that you have a bibliography but if you want to follow a career as a scientist it is a good idea to get used to it now.

Well then if the said research work contains all the said factors above then I could say that the work is worth a million dollar (hehehe).

Deciding My Future Career

What do you think is the role of research topic in deciding your future career? (1500 words)

When I first read this question… honestly, I had to really think of what would be the best answer to this question. Is there really a role that this research topic plays in deciding my future career? If yes… what would it be? Well, I would not limit my answer on just the research topic but to research itself.

We all know that research has played an important role on the survival of humanity in this planet. Continuous researches have led mankind to this era of digital world where technology acquisition has been a part of the daily living of the humans. Almost everything around us is the product of research development (though some are discoveries from mere accidents). Right now, while writing this assignment I am eating PEEWEE, and come to think of it, this food is a product of research also, if not for that somebody who had discovered the ingredient in making this food I would never have the chance to eat such a very delicious chow (hehehe.. Commercial!). Going back… I am still thinking what is the role of research in deciding my future career, think… think… think… well; I think honestly, the research proposal itself that I am doing right now if to be successfully implemented will be a big factor in helping me step into the right path where I should have to walk through. Imagine how my or rather be said our approved proposal would contribute to computing science if made possible.

Uhmm.. I would like to discuss something what our proposal is all about entitled “utilizing screen locks to minimize electricity consumption” … this is a statement from Jade Mijares “The general objective of the study is to help minimize electric bills/ electricity usage inside the household. Specifically, the study is centered in controlling Personal Computer usage by means of limiting the time the said computer could be used through the means of a software program. The expected output of the research will be a working program that would put in effect what the researchers want to achieve. The research involves finding out how much a Personal Computer affects electricity consumption in a household setting and using this to create the said program. Furthermore, the screen lock would function like a prepaid system. Let’s say that the program is set to make the computer functional for 10 hours and the reset time is set at 8:00 AM. If a person uses the computer for 10 hours, at the end of the 10th hour, the computer will inform the user that he has consumed all available hours and will shut down. The screen then will be locked to prevent further access. At 8:00 am the next day the computer will reset its "prepaid" time again to 10 hours and the computer will again be usable. If a user just uses 6 hours of the previous time come 8:00 am of the next day the time would still be reset to 10 hours.”

The research topic where we are currently doing determines the way we see the need of the world to have this, with this screen locks household electric bills will surely drop off. But then, I am honestly thankful that Sir RSG did not require us to implement the proposal, because if that’s the case, my future would still be in this university… (hehehe). Well, it would be a challenge for me and to my co-proponents to really implement this research proposal.
Now, since we are not anymore required to do a full blown research and that of course our proposals will not to be implemented, how will then this subject or research help me mold my future career? Before, I saw my classmates undertaking this subject having hard time accomplishing all the said requirements to really finish the research paper… I ask myself… will I be able to have the patience and dedication to do all of those stuffs? Like, interview different personalities, read lots of references, write that nose bleeding introduction, RRL, methodology and others? I came to realize, that’s it! That’s how research will help me decide my future career. Before, I have read some tips from the web on how to choose a good topic, which I somehow applied and has been so very useful in coming up with a good research proposal.

I would like to share those steps: first, it said that I should have to Brainstorm possible topic ideas; it would include Considering my personal interests, engaging in conversations in class or with classmates, reading articles in encyclopedias or dictionaries and review class readings, browsing recent issues of journals or magazines in current periodicals, browsing the shelves for books on the related subject. Second, Review assignment requirements in this area I must have to answer the following questions; how much information do I need? Does it need to be recent information? What types of publications do I want to read - newspaper articles, books, journal articles, diaries, trade publications? How much time do I have? Third, List keyword to define my topic and lastly gather background information on the topic. The mentioned tips were very useful to me, not just in developing or formulating my research topic but also enhancing my attitude and personality in a way that my enthusiasm and dedication was developed. Through this I was able to work harder and think harder which I think a very important factor towards having a brighter future.

So as to say, it is not on how beautiful my research topic is but it is on how dedicated I am and on how I love the topic I chose to work on. Attitude towards work matters a lot!

State of computer science research: Technical Topics

Find any information/article and examine the state of computer science research and what are its variety of technical topics?


It is undeniably true that computer science or the field of computing technology has been rapidly growing in recent times. There are numerous development, inventions and discoveries that are introduced in the community today and I believe that this magnificent growth is the product of critical research from researchers in the said field. If we are to trace up history of computing science, development from abacus computers to digital frames are incredibly amazing! Who would expect that the technology would boom such as what we are enjoying right now. Can you Imagine computer science a decade after or even just a year from now as for the reality on how technology developed and even improved rapidly, hmm..?? (I wonder…). What is computer science by the way? It is defined that [1] computer science or computing science is the study and the science of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their implementation and application in computer systems.



Based on an article written by Wm. A. Wulf Ph.D, the president of the National Academy of Engineering (AT&T Professor of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia before the House Science Committee U.S. House of Representatives) entitled the state of computer science research in the US and the evolution of federal support for IT. On that article he exemplify[2] how important it is to support researches of computer science and it is very wrong to say that the estate where he belong would refer the funds being released to researches of computing science an expense but should or would rather be INVESTMENT. He added that computer science is an investment with an enormous multiplier because advances in computing and information technology have immediate, direct and tangible benefits on virtually all human activities. There is a contention concerning the issue "Investing" vs. "Expense”. He has pointed out that what the federal funding in basic computing research has contributed in the field of national security, prosperity and health is simply an "investment" and not an "expense". There is a distinction between the two; since "expense" sounds like valueless or basically it is just money spent on an activity while "investment means spending money "productively". These "investments" will reimburse themselves for the future generation. Computer Science research has brought vast contribution within the scope of physical sciences, engineering, commerce, cosmology and weather prediction. He has quoted that, "Basic research may not be the original source for all the benefits we enjoy from technology, but it is a vital and irreplaceable component of the rich system that produces them".

After reading the article of Mr. Wulf, where he greatly emphasized that supporting the researches on computer science must not be considered as an expense but rather be an investment, I felt so proud that I took this course Bachelor of Science in Computer Science because if we try to think of it, my contribution in the near future would somehow maybe help the development of this country and I myself will not be a liability for this country but rather be an asset (Patriotic statement). Now, going back to Mr. Wulf, I strongly agree with his statement, many of the highly industrialized and developed countries today (Japan, United States, and Singapore) had invested and focused on technology development. Well, of course, if one country aims for success and growth, one must have to released funds and take the risk to be able to gain something and it is proven true that investing on technological development is one of the key factors for economic growth and development. Honestly, Mr. Wulfs’ heart and dedication towards promoting undying support to computer science research is very admiring and inspiring. Philippines in particular, as what I have observed is not that supportive on computer science researches. It is very transparent that the government is not paying that much attention on improving and developing the quality of educating the students or orienting them with the newest technology, and encouraging them to do more research, knowing the fact that our country is competing globally. With regards to the researches, it is pretty obvious that there are lots of Filipino computer scientist which are magnificently very good but then are not being supported properly that is why they flew away and try to find that green pasture outside the country. Well, aside from the fact that lots of researches, inventions and developments with regards to technology are first released and broadcast by non-Filipino developers (sad to say).


There are varieties of technical topics involve in computer science research, some of which are:

•Computer Security
Computer architecture
Operating systems
Programming languages
Compilers
Databases
Digital Libraries
Graphics and Visualization
Parallel and Distributed Computing


Source:
[1] http:// en. wikipedia. org/ wiki/ Computer_science
[2]http://www. Nationala cademies. org/ ocga/ testimony/ Computer Science_Research in the United States. asp
[3]http://www. cs. gsu. edu/ research/ areas.html
 

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